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National intellectual capital of EU-15 countries from 1995 to 2011

The aim of the paper is to analyse the trends in the EU-15’s national intellectual capital between 1995 and 2011, following the framework proposed by Lin and Edvinsson. The presented components of national intellectual capital include human capital, process capital, market capital and renewal capital. For this assessment, sigma-convergence was selected. The results show that the EU-15 have high levels of human capital. However, they stagnate when it comes to process capital and market capital. The greatest dispersion among EU-15 countries can be seen with regard to their renewal capital.

- National Intellectual Capital ; Human Capital ; Market Capital ; Process Capital ; Renewal Capital ; EU-15

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