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Raman spectroscopy technique and specific applications for study of ceramics

Basic principles of Raman spectroscopy (RS) will be explained and related to the other spectroscopy techniques. The selection rules for Raman scattering will be mentioned with the short explanation of physical background. The main specific data that can be accomplished by the technique will be discussed, in contrast or in synergy with the other main characterization techniques. Typical experimental setups of different Raman spectrometer will be explained and compared. Specific conditions of the recording Raman spectra necessary to achieve the reliable results will be clarified including the excitation lines and sample arrangement. The preparation of the samples for RS and some limits of the technique will be also considered. Raman instrumentation in our laboratory comprises high class Raman spectrometer Jobin Yvon T64000 that is triple dispersive instruments and excitation by Coherent Inova Ar ion laser operated at 514 or 488 nm. The experimental possibilities including the additional instrumentation will be described. High and low temperature chamber “Linkam” working in temperature range 77 to 773 K, and “Leitz” high- temperature cell operating in temperature range 473 to 1773 K for work in micro- Raman set up will be revealed. The work in macro chamber and the cryostats that can be attached will be shortly mentioned (He close circuit cryostat operating from 10 K to room temperature and cryostat operating form 77 to 573 K). The applications of the Raman spectroscopy as one of the powerful methods for solving the problems in materials science will be illustrated with the accent to the metal oxides based ceramic and nanostructures, while the application to one bio-ceramic system will be briefly mentioned. The examples from different own research topics will be shown for illustration. The observation of crystal structure, specific defects in nanostructures, mechanism of phase transition, solid state reactions during mechanochemical treatment and other studies of metal oxides will be presented with the accent to the specific RS results in comparison with XRD and TEM results. The observation and the recognition of the luminescence lines in the Raman spectrum that is important for proper interpretation of the RS results will be shown at the example of Y2O3 doped with rear earth elements. The use of RS for investigation of the amorphous and nearly amorphous materials with short range ordering will be shortly mentioned as well as the application of RS for the study of the calcium phosphate.

Raman specctroscopy; ceramics

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