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The relation of glucose and adipokines to birthweight in type 1 diabetic pregnancy

Aims. The aim of this study was to relate the levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, leptin and adiponectin in the maternal and umbilical vein serum to the birth weight in T1DM and healthy pregnancies. Methods. The study included 120 pregnant women divided into 4 groups: 30 suffering from type 1 diabetic pregnancy (T1DM) who gave birth to eutrophic and 30 who gave birth to macrosomic infants ; 30 from Control group (CTRL) who gave birth to eutrophic and 30 who gave birth to macrosomic infants. Serum insulin, C-peptide, leptin and adiponectin levels were quantified by ELISA. Results. Fetal macrosomia is associated with higher level of leptin in the fetal serum in both groups (T1DM: p=0.049 ; CTRL: p=0.031). Fetal levels of glucose and insulin have an influence on birth weight in the Control group (glucose: p=0.002 ; insulin: p=0.015). Adiponectin levels are higher in the maternal (p=0.001) and fetal serum (p<0.001) in eutrophic newborns of healthy pregnant women compared to the macrosomic newborns. Conclusion. The fetal growth is a complex process. Our results confirmed the relation between leptin and insulin levels and birth weight. They also suggest that adiponectin may be involved in the fetal growth.

Adiponectin; Birthweight; Leptin; Pregnancy; Type 1 diabetes

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