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Shabtis in private and museum collection in Croatia: Typological study

In this paper the author will preset museum and private collection of shabtis in Croatia, and their dating according to the typological study of these artefacts. In ten museums and four private collections in Croatia at least 377 shabtis and pseudoshabtis are housed. Most of them date to the Pharaonic periods of Ancient Egypt (cca. 350), but also 27 shabtis and 3 pseudo-shabtis were unearthed during excavations in the territory of the former Roman provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia (today in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina). These shabtis were usually associated with the diffusion of the Egyptian cults during the Graeco-Roman eras (ca 4th century BC to 3rd century AD). The largest collection of shabtis is held in the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb (312). They were gathered/obtained over an extended period, from 1865 to the present times, from various sources, but most are of unknown provenance. They were produced between the Middle Kingdom (inv. no. E-310) and the early Roman period (cca. 1st-2nd c. A.D.). Analysis showed that all shabtis are genuine and that almost all known types and forms of shabtis can be found in Croatian collections.

shabtis; Egyptian collections; Croatia

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