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Take a walk on the bean side: The Portuguese genetic diversity

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has a history of more than five centuries of cultivation in Portugal. Diverse landraces are still widely grown at farmers’ fields, commonly in intercropping systems, for example with maize (Zea mays L.). Portuguese bean landraces, well adapted to local environmental conditions and to quality farmers’ preferences, may represent important sources of interesting traits, such as biotic and abiotic stresses resistance and high organoleptic and nutritional quality for food, not yet fully explored on breeding programs. In order to study the genetic diversity of the Portuguese common bean germplasm, 135 representative landraces, selected based on their geographical origin from the INIAV national common bean collection (PRT005), were analyzed using 23 microsatellite markers. Using ten individuals per landrace, several genetic parameters were estimated, namely allelic diversity and richness, gene diversity, polymorphic information content (PIC) and proportion-of-shared-alleles distance. Phylogenetic clustering, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and of population structure were also performed. With this study we characterized the genetic diversity of Portuguese common bean germplasm to better explore this valuable high quality and resistant underused resource. The breeding of common bean varieties with these improved traits will better meet consumers´ and farmers’ present expectations and needs, supporting the development of a more sustainable agriculture.

phaseolus vulgaris; landrace; microsatellite markers; diversity

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