engleski

Intermedial phenomena and intercultural influences in comics, movies and children's literature in Croatia in the 1930s

The appearance of popular culture in Croatia (as the term ‘popular’ is understood today) can be first detected during the 1920s and 1930s, rather than only in the 1950s or 1960s, as is commonly thought. This early emergence of the popular culture phenomena was mostly stimulated by the enormous popularity of (silent) movies. The movie industry attracted a vast audience whose interest was also focused on movie stars and their lives. The popular culture of this earlier period was dependent on intermedial transfer, which was especially emphasised in the popularity of genre narratives and also the popularity of a selection of certain characters. Genres like crime, adventure, westerns and romance were represented in most popular media of the time: movies, comics, story papers, pulp fiction series, etc., as well as in some titles and in the recurrences of certain heroes, such as Tarzan or Harry Dickson – the American Sherlock Holmes. In addition to analysing intermedial transfer and the popularity of new media, the paper particularly focuses on the intercultural influences of popular culture from abroad on the production of early Croatian comics. Such influences mostly came, on the one hand, from American culture (due to the movie industry and Hollywood) and, on the other, from German caricaturists and comics authors. It is shown how these influences are visible in the works of important Croatian authors of comics: Sergej Mironović, Andrija Maurović and the brothers Walter and Norbert Neugebauer.

Comics; cultural transfer; American influences; translation

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