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Cataract in type 2 diabetes associated with other diabetic complications and well-known diabetic risk factors

Purpose: To investigate the influence of diabetes duration, metabolic risk factors, presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy on cataract development in type 2 diabetes. Methods: 107 type 2 diabetic patients consecutively attending Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic in Zagreb were included in this cross-sectional study. Complete diabetologic, nephrologic and ophthalmologic examination was done. According to the LOCSIII standard patients were divided into three groups: group 1 - patients with clear crystalline lens (n=16), group 2 - patients with initial cataract (NO1-NO2, NC1-NC2, C1-C2, P1-P2 ; n=74), and group 3 - patients with immature cataract (NO3-NO4, NC3-NC4, C3-C4, P3-P4 ; n=17). Results: The three groups did not differ in age, gender, diabetes treatment and lipids. Group 3 had significantly longer diabetes duration, marginally higher hemoglobin A1c, significantly more severe DR and significantly lower creatinine clearance than group 1. Positive correlation was observed between cataract and diastolic blood pressure, DR and albumin/creatinine ratio. Regression analysis showed that diabetes duration, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and DR were the main predictors of cataract development in type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusions: This study showed that diabetes duration, poor glycemic control, blood pressure, retinopathy and nephropathy play an important role in cataract development in type 2 diabetes. These findings point to the need for even more reducing risk factors as a means of preventing not only retinopathy but also cataract in order to improve the quality of life of diabetics and reduce the economic burden due to disability and surgery related to cataract.

cataract, HbA1c, retinopathy, nephropathy

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