engleski

Assessment of Smoke Detector Position by Numerical Modelling

Indoor fire combustion products cause smoke generation whose distribution is influenced by the air flow. Smoke is composed of particles and harmful gases and decreases visibility, which is of paramount importance for quick evacuation of smoke affected areas. Smoke detector position directly influences the smoke detection time and thus the possibility for quick and efficient evacuation of people and fire extinction. This work explores smoke spreading dynamics under the influence of different flow regimes by employing computational fluid dynamics. Analysis is performed for the case of forced air flow due to ventilation system and for the case where the airflow was caused by draught. Source of the smoke is fire on electrical device, whilst mass flow, composition and temperature are set according to experimental data. Obscuration due to smoke is calculated by using Bouguer’s law. Analysis shows that the smoke spreading pattern is significantly influenced by the flow regime. Based on obscuration distribution due to smoke and places where the first contact of smoke with building surface occurs, optimal smoke detector locations are determined. Also, smoke distribution points out that air flow towards evacuation route should be avoided. Finally, this work proves suitability of computational fluid dynamics in the building fire protection where it can be used during the early stages of building fire protection design.

CFD ; smoke detection ; smoke spreading ; PVC smoke

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