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The Role of Metaphor in Understanding Terrorism (Based on the Analysis of the Croatian Web Corpus)

An impetus to the linguistic approach to terrorism were Lakoff‘s analyses from 2001 (here 2004a and 2004b) which were followed by a large number of cognitive, pragmatic, philosophical and political approaches to the metaphors of terror (Corbett 2004, Fabiano 2006, Hoskins and O‘Loughlin 2007, Hülsse and Spencer 2008, Kruglanski, Crenshaw, Post and Victoroff 2008, Bhatia 2009, Kirchhoff 2010, Schwarz-Friesel and Skirl 2011 etc.). The linguistic analyses have dealt only with metaphoric expressions, leaving the non- metaphoric ones completely aside. This led to the conclusions that the metaphor is crucial for understanding terrorism. This paper attempts to fill the quantitative gap in the linguistic research of terrorism (being also the first analysis done in the Croatian language). The linguistic data is obtained by analyzing collocations of the words terrorism, terrorist and terroristic primarily in HrWaC corpus (1200 Mw), which represents the contemporary linguistic usage up to the year 2014 (Ljubešic and Klubicka 2014). To include the most recent dynamics of terrorism conceptualization in media dis- talks 77 course, we have created a smaller, “terror-hr” corpus (0, 4 Mw) of articles published on Croatian web-news portals in the last 2 years. In drawing comparisons with English, we use the English Corpus enTenTen 2012 (13 Gw). Using the Multilayered Constructionist Approach and Emergent Cognitive Ontology, we propose a model that can explain the multifaceted functions of the figurative and nonfigurative language of terror. The conceptual structure of figurative constructions in Croatian is described within the CMT framework and compared with English conceptualizations. The results are presented in the framework of the metaphorical patterns within the Croatian Metaphor Repository (MetaNet.HR) project (a sister project of the MetaNet project of the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley, California). The results of the analysis answer these questions: Is metaphor really crucial to our understanding of terrorism (at least in the Croatian language)? What are the salient mappings for the construal of the terror concepts, and what are the more abstract social and cultural scripts that activate these conceptual structures? Are the metaphorical structures and the framing of terrorism concepts similar in English and Croatian? This type of study is a prerequisite for further research on the role of language in the social identification processes and the relevance of the embodied cultural experience for the degree of affective and behavioral engagement motivated by the media in a globalized world. References Bhatia, Aditi (2009). The discourses of terrorism. Journal of Pragmatics 41 (2009): 279– 289 / Corbett, Lee (2004). Regarding others: Habermas and Derrida on terrorism. Rev. of Philosophy in a Time of Terror: Dialogues with Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida. By G. Borradori. Australian Review of Public Affairs 15 March 2004 / Fabiano, Mark (2006). Terrorism and Its Metaphors. Forum, University of Edinburgh Postgraduate Journal of Culture and the Arts 2 (2006) / Hoffman, Bruce (2006). Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia UP / Hoskins, Andrew and Ben O‘Loughlin (2007). Talking terror: political discourses and the 2003 Iraq war. Television and Terror: Conflicting Times and the Crisis of News Discourse. Houndmills: Palgrave/MacMillan / Hülsse, Rainer and Alexander Spencer (2008). The Metaphor of Terror: Terrorism Studies and the Constructivist Turn. Security Dialogue 39.6 (2008): 571– 592 / Kirchhoff, Susanne. Krieg mit Metaphern (2010). Mediendiskurse über 9/11 und den „War on Terror“. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag / Kruglanski, Arie W ; Crenshaw, Martha ; Post, Jerrold M. and Jeff Victoroff (2008). What Should This Fight Be Called? Metaphors of Counterterrorism and Their Implications. Psychological Science in The Public Interest, 8.3 (2008) / Lakoff, George (2004a). Metaphors of terror. Don‘t Think of an Elephant!: Know your Values and Frame the Debate. White River Junction: Chelsea Green Publishing / Lakoff, George (2004b). Metaphors that kill. Don‘t Think of an Elephant!: Know your Values and Frame the Debate. White River Junction: Chelsea Green Publishing / Ljubešic, N., & Klubicka, F. (2014). {; ; ; ; bs, hr, sr}; ; ; ; WaC – web corpora of Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian. In Proceedings of the 9th Web as Corpus Workshop 78 talks (WaC-9), pp. 29–35 / Richissin, Todd (2004). War on terror difficult to define. Seattle Times, September 2 (2004) / Schwarz- Friesel, Monika and Helge Skirl (2011). Metaphors For Terrorism In German Media Discourse. e-resource (http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi ? article=1038&context=revisioning).

metaphor, terrorism

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