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Adaptive genetic variability and differentiation of Croatian and Austrian Quercus robur L. populations at a drought prone field trial (CROSBI ID 242160)

Prilog u časopisu | izvorni znanstveni rad | međunarodna recenzija

Bogdan, Saša ; Ivanković, Mladen ; Temunović, Martina ; Morić, Maja ; Franjić, Jozo ; Katičić Bogdan, Ida Adaptive genetic variability and differentiation of Croatian and Austrian Quercus robur L. populations at a drought prone field trial // Annals of Forest Research, 60 (2017), 1; 33-46. doi: 10.15287/afr.2016.733

Podaci o odgovornosti

Bogdan, Saša ; Ivanković, Mladen ; Temunović, Martina ; Morić, Maja ; Franjić, Jozo ; Katičić Bogdan, Ida

engleski

Adaptive genetic variability and differentiation of Croatian and Austrian Quercus robur L. populations at a drought prone field trial

Provenance trials, where populations of different geographical origin are tested in a common environment (common garden test), are a tool suited to allow the study of intraspecific adaptive genetic variation. Research of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) adaptive genetic variability through analyses of populations in common garden tests has a long tradition. However, pedunculated oak populations originating south-eastern from the Alps have been scarcely studied in this way. This study addresses the adaptive genetic variability and differentiation of pedunculate oak populations originating from Austria and Croatia in a provenance/progeny field trial. Studied plants were six years old and were growing at the trial for three years. After two years of unusually low precipitations height and survival were analysed. The total mean height of all plants in the trial was 137.8 cm and ranged from 123.0 cm to 151.8 cm. The overall mean survival rate was rather high (0.85). Mean population survival ranged from 0.64 to 0.94. Individual narrow-sense heritabilities (hi2), family mean heritabilities (hf2), the coefficients of additive genetic variation (CVA) and quantitative genetic differentiation coefficients (QST) were calculated. A multivariate regression tree (MRT) analysis was used to determine the pattern of genetic differentiation of the populations. Individual heritabilities for height ranged between 0.00 and 0.39. Family mean heritabilities for height were rather low in most populations as well (<0.5). Family mean heritabilities for survival were higher than for height (ranging between 0.00 and 0.77). Calculated QST coefficients (0.25 for height and 0.14 for survival) indicated between-population genetic differentiation. The populations were separated into two clusters by MRT analysis regarding a climatic variable, namely Hargreaves’ reference evapotranspiration. Populations originating from comparatively more humid habitats were grouped in the first cluster. The first cluster had a lower mean height and survival compared to the second one. The differences between these clusters were highly statistically significant. The observed quantitative genetic differentiation might have been driven by natural selection caused by differences in the relative moisture of the habitats 2 Ann. For. Res. 60(1): _-_, 2017 Research article Introduction Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is a widespread European forest tree species that prefers fertile and moist habitats (Ducousso & Bordacs 2003). Moreover, this species is one of the most economically valuable European hardwood tree species, and it is a climax species in forests that harbor high biodiversity. This study primarily investigates pedunculate oak progeny originating from different populations located at the southern edge of the Pannonian Plain (i.e., Slavonia), which is near the southern border of this species’ distribution range. Pedunculate oak that grows in the lowland area between the Drava, Sava and Danube Rivers, from Zagreb to Belgrade, is often called Slavonian oak (Gailing et al. 2007). The largest part of this area is within modern Croatia. Some Hungarian botanists have taxonomically distinguished pedunculate oak from this area as a separate subspecies (Matyas 1970), but other authors have characterized Slavonian oak as a form, variety or ecotype (Bartha 2010). Seeds and seedlings of Slavonian oak were used to establish some of the earliest oak provenance tests, in which this taxon showed specific stability with regard to its vigorous height growth, stem form and branching habit (Cieslar 1923, Koloszár 1987). In addition, seeds and seedlings of pedunculate oak from different parts of this area were used for afforestation in parts of Hungary and Germany during the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. In these afforested areas, the Slavonian provenance proved to be valuable source of reproductive material because of adaptability and trait stability when growing in new environments (Gailing et al. 2007). A smaller number of the progenies in this study originate from populations in Austria, where pedunculate oak is also near the southern border of its range. The threats associated with global climate change, including rising temperatures, decreasing precipitation and an increasing frequency of extreme climatic events, are expected to intensify in the wider bioclimatic area of Austria and Croatia (Parry 2007, Lindner et al. 2010). Recent forecasts of changes in the distributions of tree species and forest ecosystems show a strong negative impact of climate change on the economic status of forest owners in the region (Hanewinkel et al. 2013). Theoretically, pedunculate oak may adapt to stressful environmental changes at the individual, population and plant community levels (Lindner et al. 2010) by phenotypic modifications (i.e. plasticity), through natural selection and by hybridization with related xerophilous species such as sessile oak and pubescent oak (Kremer 2010). Species’ capacity to adapt by natural selection inevitably depends on their adaptive genetic variability. Research on the adaptive genetic variability of pedunculate oak through analyses of popfrom which the progeny populations originate. The results suggest ecotypic pattern of the quantitative genetic differentiation among studied populations.

Slavonian oak, ecotype, natural selection, adaptedness, adaptability, quantitative genetic parameters, survival, height

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Podaci o izdanju

60 (1)

2017.

33-46

objavljeno

1844-8135

10.15287/afr.2016.733

Povezanost rada

Šumarstvo

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