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Activity of salivary enzymes and level of salivary urea in gingivitis of dogs

Clinically relevant salivary inflammatory indicators of gingivitis that have a role in diagnostics, therapy, and prognosis must have the ability of disease classification and treatment follow-up. To this date, no research has been conducted that could determine if salivary enzymatic activity and urea level in dogs can serve as a diagnostic tool for gingivitis. The aim of this study was to measure the activity of salivary enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as urea in saliva between groups of dogs assigned according to the presence of gingival inflammation. The study was conducted on 20 otherwise healthy dogs that were divided into two groups according to the clinical presence (G+) or absence of gingivitis (G0, control group). The activity of enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, and level of urea in saliva was determined using VetTest® Chemistry Analyzer (Idexx, USA). In G+ group we determined significantly higher activity of enzymes (mean ± SD) (U/L): ALT (630, 3 ± 178, 9) (P < 0, 01), AST (544, 8 ± 285) (P < 0, 001), and ALP (62 ± 33, 74) (P < 0, 05) in comparison to G0 group: ALT (296, 2 ± 297, 3), AST (150, 6 ± 230, 2) and ALP (40, 91 ± 21, 79). On the other hand, the level of urea in saliva (mean ± SD) (mmol/L) did not differ significantly between two groups (P = 0, 699) ; (G0 = 1, 895 ± 1, 35 ; G+ = 1, 167 ± 0, 626). The results of this preliminary study imply that activity of salivary enzymes ALT, AST, and ALP in dogs could serve as a potential diagnostic tool for gingivitis of dogs. Nevertheless, we have to take into account the great variability of salivary enzyme levels as well as their activity being susceptible to reflect other pathologies what could classify them as non-specific indicators that cannot serve as a precise diagnostic method. Further research is warranted to confirm the reliability of these parameters for the screening of gingivitis as well as other periodontal pathologies in dogs.

gingivitis, saliva, enzimatic biomarkers, urea, dog

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