engleski

Energy Analysis of Waste and Energy System Integration

EU has recognised security of energy supply and the threat of climate change as the key challenges that will define the further development of energy systems. In order to tackle these issues, the European Commission adopted 20-20-20 to 2020, and newer 40-27-27 to 2030 goals which regulate expectations for member states in the fields of energy efficiency, renewable energy penetration and greenhouse gas reduction. This path includes usage of local energy sources which includes waste, waste materials, and waste derived fuels. The importance of energy from waste is also acknowledged by Heat Roadmap Europe which classified it as primary heat source for district heating. This is emphasised in cities as they consume 75% of overall primary energy. Integration of energy system and waste system in urban areas can lead to synergies which arise from usage of local generated waste to satisfy local energy needs and can lead to many benefits - decrease import, use of fossil fuels, primary energy consumption and emissions while also increase the energy security, diversification of energy sources and penetration of renewable energy sources. When doing this, energy and waste systems characteristics have to be taken into account. An important part of urban systems is transport system and the way its energy supply is covered plays important role in overall energy picture of the city. While local energy recovery of waste and use of generated energy seems like an ideal synergy, material recovery of waste also showed the potential for alleviating the problem of material resources shortages. Waste Framework Directive defined the first step in this direction by setting waste hierarchy and Circular Economy Package made the next step by introduced "closing the loop" concept with measures that cover the whole life cycle of material. By combining material and energy recovery, integrated waste management systems can at the same time, not only pursue “closing the loop” in material usage but also in energy usage by using energy from waste to drive waste management and recovery systems and also supply the general consumption. To evaluate benefits that arise from the usage of waste in the local energy system and role of energy-from-waste in the “closing the loop” concept, energy analysis of the integration of different waste to energy technologies to the energy systems and their potential to cover energy consumption of waste management and recovery chain of the City of Zagreb is conducted.

Waste management system ; energy system ; material and energy recovery of waste ; energy consumption and production ; circular economy

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