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Hourly optimization model for district heating systems including building retrofit – case study for the city of Velika Gorica

The European Union has recognized the importance of district heating systems by including them in the proposal of the European Union’s Strategy on Heating and Cooling. They have a significant potential for the increase of energy efficiency by using waste heat and renewable energy sources. Besides, they can increase the share of renewable energy sources in the power system by using power-to-heat technologies. Considering that, it is of great importance to find an optimal solution for the size and operation distribution of the district heating system because it strongly affects the overall capital investments, operation and maintenance costs and CO2 emissions. This is a challenging task due to the involvement of a large number of technologies on a long time scale. This paper shows the optimization model of a district heating system which includes a CHP plant, heat only boiler, heat pump, solar thermal, electric heater and heat storage. The model is able to find the optimal district heating system solution in the relation to costs, CO2 emissions and building refurbishment levels. This model was demonstrated on scenario analysis for the city of Velika Gorica.

district heating, MILP optimization, thermal storage, energy planning

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