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Chromosome banding for identification of the chromosomes of Norway spruce

Images of Picea abies (L.) Karst. chromosomes (2n=2x=24) were taken through a light microscope equipped with a video camera and digitized by image analysis equipment. The originalimage was enhanced with electronic filters and arithmetic operations, e.g., background correction. A scaling option offered the possibility of enlarging the chromosome region of interest by 8x. Precise measuring and statistical evaluation of chromosomes were then possible. Patternrecognition was another method used in chromosome pairs identification. Using this approach, five chromosomes could be identified: chromosomes I, II, IV, IX, and XII. The other chromosomes could be separated only into two groups. In subsequent experiments, chromosome banding was used to increase the efficiency of chromosome recognition using this system. Different banding methods were attempted using megagametophytic tissue as the experimental material. The use of this material is advantageous because of the smaller haploid number of chromosomes, and because the cells are easily separated. Banding patterns were compared by examining the distances and intensities of the bands. Using the combination of image analysis and chromosome banding, specific recognition of all chromosomes of Picea abies was possible.Because nuclei in division (especially metaphase plates) are very rare in megagametophyte tissue and also in root meristems, the use of interphase nuclei and their 3-dimensional reconstruction for future evaluation is discussed.

karyotypes; Picea abies (L.) Karst.; chromosome banding; digital image analysis; patern recognition system

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