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Tradicijsko graditeljstvo otoka Hvara - naselja i arhitektura središnjeg dijela otoka (CROSBI ID 1214)

Autorska knjiga | monografija (znanstvena)

Bojanić-Obad-Šćitaroci, Bojana Tradicijsko graditeljstvo otoka Hvara - naselja i arhitektura središnjeg dijela otoka. Zagreb: Epoha ; Šćitaroci, 1997

Podaci o odgovornosti

Bojanić-Obad-Šćitaroci, Bojana

hrvatski

Tradicijsko graditeljstvo otoka Hvara - naselja i arhitektura središnjeg dijela otoka

The area of the Adriatic island of Hvar in Croatia, privileged by being detached, makes it possible to consider the continuous activity of man from prehistory till today. The examined area of the island - the central part of it - has offered its prehistoric inhabitants shelter in caves located on the mountain slopes. Antiquity, coming by the sea, organized areas in bays and along borders of nearby fertile fields. Middle Ages, time of insecurity, demanded places of defence and shelter, and so made the inhabitants to move inlands. They returned to the land along seaside only in the 19th and the 20th century. This analysis of the building continuity in the central part of the island of Hvar represents the analysis of specific geographic unit inhabited since Neolithic. This is a research into the building continuity, the rhythm of inhabiting, the building structure and morphogenesis, with the aim to examine each inhabited segment of the central part of island. Architecture has always been the art for the benefit of one's intention. The purposefulness of building interventions is researched from the range of habitations, shelters to the landscape organization and communication for the sake of production. We have to pay attention to the creativity of man in vernacular building. Examining the entire logics of the development of building brings to the elements that should be fixed: the occupation and organization of the area. The space of Croatia in its heterogeneousness had a common rhythm in researches and in treatments of traditional building activity. During the time the studied space itself changes, goes to ruins and disappears. This analysis of traditional building activity makes it possible to consider life, work and building as they unfold. It would not be possible without an architectural plan of the space under discussion. The architectural value of the vernacular space lies in its local colour. It is indispensable to be inspired with the tradition. In this way we are approaching the way of protection of European rural areas. All rural and urban settled areas of the island are distinguished by their own natural facilities and inward dislocation and all are predominately constructed out of local materials. The architecture is characterised by a sense of measure and provide a wonderful example of natural and human coordination. All settled areas are groups that express the social soul of their inhabitants. Therefore there is no conflict between the rural and the urban, each village is a small town and every town is a large village. The island of Hvar. beside its natural morphological and geobotanical landscape, which is almost unrivalled in its beauty, has specific anthropogenius, agrarian, rural and urban landscape created by generations of people who have lived on the island through centuries. The central part of the island of Hvar is the place selected for this study because it is substantially and formatively suitable for "in site" analysis without which this research would not be possible. In the context of settlement exploration the following themes were analysed: history, development, communications structure, family life, buildings and areas of characteristic and specific purposes. Archaeological findings on the island of Hvar belong to prehistoric times, antiquity and early Middle Ages, covering the chronological period from 3500 BC to 12th Century A.D. On a relatively unapproachable and narrow space the continuity of living and work can be established. The analysed archaeological locations are Grapčeva cave, Tor and Galešnik. The shepherd settlement Vrh is a secondary village, al-dom (the other home - temporarily inhabited) of the village Vrisnik. It is located on an island plain. The village is situated near the junction of the roads of island. It is made up of three separated residential-farmsteads and of two families. Pitve are a primary village made up of two parts of different date of origin and of interspaces with a few public building. Gornje Pitve is a village of rural character, of an emphasized mimicry with a land. Donje Pitve is a village with buildings influenced by the town architecture and organized around a hill as a compact, prominent agglomeration. Zavala is one of the villages of the south coast of the island. It is partly a primary village (permanently inhabited) and partly a secondary (temporarily inhabited) village, an al-dom (the other home) of the village Pitve. Zavala is organized at the end of two transverse north-south roads. The village is organized without a nucleus and with an array of residential-farmsteads. Besides the traditional architecture the village has the tower from the 17th century and a summerhouse from the 19th century. Gromin Dolac is a secondary (temporarily inhabited) village on the south coast of the island. It arouse with the development of north agglomeration that gradually expanded towards the sea. The village is organized as an assembly of residental-farmsteades of six families organized in ten different estates. There is a building of a specific purpose, the Machiedo Tower. To the east of the village there is a small stone house, an example of vernacular architecture. About 500 m from the harbour of Gromin Dolac is another building of specific purpose, the house Radonić-Budić, a Renaissance farmhouse of the 16th century. There is also an area of specific purpose a shepherd settlement Morića Bad 300m away from the sea and 1, 5 km from the harbour of Gromin Dolac. Jelsa is a village on the island north coast that was mentioned in the Hvar Statute already at 1331. It is a primary habitation organized around five squares and consists of two basic agglomerations: Vela Banda on the south coast and Mala Banda on the north coast. The village began to develop in the15th century and was at its peak of development in the19th century when the harbour was built. Jelsa is located on a junction of roads of island. Vrisnik, a primary village, is organized as an urban entity and its population satisfies its needs for life and work in this centre even today. The location of this town is satisfactory in terms of the environment. It is located in an area where there is enough water, rather unusual for an island. For more than two centuries the population of Vrisnik has had a secondary habitations in others parts of island. Vrisnik's secondary habitations: Humac, Vela and Mala Prapatna and Dolac are organized with a lower standard of living and without public facilities. Humac is mentioned in the 17th century as a Vrisnik's colony. In the 19th century it was organized with a few smaller farmsteads. In the 20th century there was a new building activity and a church was built too. Prapatna is a settled area on the territory of archaeological finding from antique and of ruins of houses from the 15th and the 16th century. Prapatna is constructed out of three autonomous groups of houses: Vela Prapatna on the seashore, Dolac in a nearby fertile valley and Mala Prapatna on the top of a hill above the Vela Papatna's bay. The characteristics of the form of the central part of the island Hvar are shown in the following comparative analysis of all villages ( Vrh, Pitve, Zavala Gromin Dolac, Jelsa, Vrisnik, Humac, Mala Prapatna, Vela Prapatna and Dolac): the historical development of the central part of the island, the development of villages, the layout of villages, the form of villages, buildings of characteristic and specific purpose and areas of specific purpose. The urban elementary law is set up on the occupation and the organization of an area and not on the chronological development of that area. The analysis of the continuity of building brings out the comprehension of the spatial creation in which tradition, experience and spatial possibilities are perfectly connected. The spatial unity of an anthropogenic landscape has persisted till the moment when the continuity was interrupted and experience and tradition has given way to modernity. With the development of a modern technology the sensibility of the resituated relations is tempted for the first time in thousands of years. The area of island of Hvar is in times of possible great interventions. In those new interventions this analysis would function correctively in the sense of respecting a traditional architecture and of safeguarding tradition in new circumstances of its continuity. Observation on traditional architecture imposed by literature is full of questions, but it seems that those are a pseudo-question. The answer to the question of the destiny of traditional building activity certainly cannot be found in the relation with architecture as such, but in a joint relation with the population. Traditional architecture - invented architecture - will exist as long as the autochthon population does, and with its decrease, all that will remain will be the scenery.

tradicionalna arhitektura; Hvar; naselje; seoski; krajobraz; primarno naselje; sekundarno naselje

nije evidentirano

engleski

Traditional architecture of the island Hvar – villages and architecture in the central part of the island

nije evidentirano

traditional architecture; Hvar; village; rural; landscape; primary village; secondary village

nije evidentirano

Podaci o izdanju

Zagreb: Epoha ; Šćitaroci

1997.

953-6115-13-1

175

objavljeno

Povezanost rada

Arhitektura i urbanizam