engleski

Molecular anthropology in Croatia - Possibilities, doubts and dilemmas

The application of the holistic analytic framework in the study of population structure, as <<model-bound>> or <<model-free>> approach, provides and combines information about the continuity of interaction between intrinsic population characteristics (it's <<gene pool>>) and a wide spectrum of extrinsic selective impacts through time. Major advantages of such an approach are confirmed through the enabled possibility to assess the main determinants of interpopulation similarity or variability, and to estimate the dependence of the rate of (micro)evolutionary processes upon the historical processes that favored or restricted the occurred gene flow. Various measures of interpopulation (<distances>> or <<similarities>> obtained over a period of 30-years, in the continuous conduct of anthropological studies on the Croatian isolates, were used to further elaborate the problem of current (micro)evolutionary studies. Those included genetic distances: Y STR (DYS 19, DYS 388, DYS 389-I, DYS 389-11, DYS 390, DYS 391, DYS 392, DYS 393), mtDNA (sequencing data HVS-1), Alu Insertion (FXIIIB, ACE, TPA 25), STR Autosornal (D3S 1358, vWA, FGA, THO1, TPOX, CSF1PO, D5S818, DI3S, 3i7, D7S820), HLA (DRB1), Proteins (ACP, HP, PGM, P1, TF, ESD), VNTR (D7S22, D12SI1), Erythrocyte antigen systems (EAS - 10) ; biological distances (estimated separately for anthropometrical body and head variables, physiological, dermatoglyphic and radiogrammetric bone variables) ; bio-cultural (migrational kinship) and socio-cultural distances (linguistic - basic and cultural vocabulaiy) calculated between inhabitants of Croatian island isolates. Parameters of Malecot's <Isolation by distance model>> varies from .0106 (STR Autosomal) to 1.2148 (EAS) for parameter a, and from .0008 (mtDNA) to 53677 (EAS) for parameter b. Possibilities to apply gene-genealogy analyses in the reconstruction of population history was presented. All these results and their synthesis confirm that only a combined approach with the aim of further strengthening the interdisciplinarity can create a path of finding new solutions in the domain of complex global ecological, migrational, demographical, social, economic and other crucial world-wide changes. Evenmoreso, the future of regional developments at the populational level can only be understood and elaborated through approaches that appreciate the time depth complexity and its ramifications upon the biological as well as social and cultural legacy of the human kind.

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