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PLANHEAT - Integrated tool for empowering public authorities in the development of sustainable plans for low carbon heating and cooling

In accordance with the Energy Efficiency Directive, EU member states have to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the potential for high efficiency cogeneration and low carbon heating and cooling. Public authorities face the lack of free and easy-to-use tools which will support them in this matter. PLANHEAT is a three-year research and innovation project financed by the Horizon2020 programme under the call: Models and tools for heating and cooling mapping and planning. The main objective of the PLANHEAT project is to develop a tool which will be capable of: mapping heating and cooling demand and renewable energy supply potential, planning different heating and cooling scenarios, and finally, simulating them in order to provide a detailed analysis and comparison using the key performance indicators. The tool will be free, open-source and easy-to-use. It will have three main components: mapping, planning and simulation modules. The mapping module will be able to map current and future heating and cooling demand, including the potential of locally distributed renewable energy sources and waste heat sources. It is worth mentioning that the end-user can choose between bottom-up and top-down heating and cooling demand mapping, according to data availability. This data serves as the input for the second step of the PLANHEAT tool ; the planning module, where the end-user will be able to create a set of different alternative heating and cooling scenarios by using a database of available technologies in order to match the mapped demand with the supply potential. In order to calculate the set of key performance indicators (KPIs) and compare the scenarios, a simulation module is needed. The paper presents the PLANHEAT simulation module, which is capable of optimizing district heating and cooling supply units’ operation in order to minimize total running costs, and calculating the combined environmental impact and economic feasibility of the proposed scenario. The comparison of different scenarios will be displayed in the simple and user-friendly KPI panel. It should be added that the simulation module is used only for the bottom-up approach, since simulation is hourly based for the entire year horizon, just as this is the case with the mapped heating and cooling demand in the bottom- up approach. The simulation model uses an optimization procedure based on the mixed integer linear programming written in MATLAB and solved by using the SCIP solver, which is part of the Opti Toolbox MATLAB add-on. Since the PLANHEAT tool is open-source, the code will be rewritten in Python in order to be successfully integrated with the mapping and planning modules. In order to validate the proposed approach, the city of Velika Gorica has been chosen as the case study example. The mapped hourly heating demand on the building level for an entire year has been used as the input data. A set of different district heating scenarios has been proposed which include: heat-only boilers, electrical heaters, heat pumps, cogeneration, solar thermal collectors, waste heat and daily, i.e. seasonal thermal storage. The results of the proposed scenarios in terms of economic feasibility and environmental impact are presented and compared.

district heating and cooling, energy efficiency, MILP optimization, thermal storage, energy planning

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