engleski

Psychological Skills Training Programmes – the Process Model Presentation

Individual and team performance efficiency at training or a competition does not depend only on sport-specific abilities and motor skills, but also on the adopted level of psychological skills and on their application in a situation- related context. Psychological skills on the overlearning level serve as mechanisms used for enhancing performance efficiency and consistency on various competition levels. Elite athletes own psychological skills characteristics on the automatism level which facilitate excellence or superiority in performance. Research findings suggest that psychological skills training programmes (PSTP) are efficient in enhancing performance and behaviour change (Cox, 2012 ; Weinberg & Gould, 2011 ). Psychological methods such as goal setting, imagery, relaxation, self-talk, meditation, hypnosis lead to psychological skills (anxiety control, self-confidence, mental toughness, goal setting ability, competitiveness) which enable performance enhancement, enjoyment increase and growth of sport and physical activity self-satisfaction. Psychological skills training programmes are created with regard to age and specific psychological profile of an individual based on using multiple measures as data sources. We discussed three different PSTP phases (according to Weinberg & Gould, 2011): education phase (learning about the importance of PST), acquisition phase (learning psychological skills) and practice phase (using psychological skills during training and competitions). Psycho-education of athletes and coaches and their willingness and motivation to change is the key to enhance skills in addition to individual and team performance. It seems that the optimal usage of PST programme is in post- season period and pre-season period of the annual cycle of sport preparation. Finally, we have analysed further studies focused on increasing the comprehension level of PST influence on enhancing performance and sport achievement.

skills, methods, programs, psychological skills training, process model.

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