engleski

Evaluation of genotoxic effects of commonly used chemicals in medical laboratories

Working conditions in medical laboratories are potentially harmful to humans. In vitro analysis of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test are the most important methods used in biologic monitoring. SCE test is indirect indicator of the level of damage present in the DNA before duplication, while CA test is used to identify structural damage of the chromosomes. CBMN test is a comprehensive system for measuring DNA damage, cytostasis and cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the health risk for workers by examining in vitro the genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of xylene, methanol and glacial acetic acid at different chemical concentrations in the CBMN, CA and SCE tests. Participants were younger than 40 and did not worked with chemicals or in the radiation zone. The peripheral blood lymphocytes were treated with three different concentrations of each of the enlisted chemicals and a control test was done. The total number of micronuclei, the number of nucleoplasmatic bridges (NPB) and nuclear buds (Nbud) and cell proliferation index were recorded for CBMN test, whereas mitotic index were calculated for CA and SCE based on 300 analyzed cells in addition to number of CA and SCE. The results showed that the chemicals used increased the number of sister chromatid exchange in relation to the control and decreased mitotic index. Number of chromosome aberrations increase when the concentration of a certain chemical rises. Statistically, a significant difference has been observed between xylene and glacial acetic acid concentration. Xylene, methanol and glacial acetic acid caused a significantly increased number of micronuclei. These results show how important is the education of laboratory personnel to minimize the effect of the occupational exposure and the risk of disease associated with the work.

chromosome aberration test ; cytokinesis-block micronucleus test ; sister chromatid exchange test

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