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How the Politics Influenced the Urban Development of Communist Yugoslavia: a Case Study of the City of Zagreb

The modernization and urban development of every city are the key elements of its survival and prosperity, or its stagnation and extinction, but also a place for different positions to fight over the direction of development and urbanization of the city. Political and social organization of a particular country determines the way in which a particular city is managed and decisions about its development are made. Communist societies formed after the World War II based their urban development primarily on Marxist ideology, while Yugoslavia added self- management to the Marxist ideology after the break up with the countries of the Eastern Bloc in 1948. The extra complexity of the Yugoslav society is its multinational structure and traumas resulting from World War II, part of which relates to national disputes. All of this makes Yugoslavia a very complex system in which every decision, urban planning included, was treated through Marxist ideology, socialist realism, socialist high modernism, self- management and interethnic relations. The city of Zagreb, which was the capital of the former Yugoslav republic Croatia, was taken as a case study of the development of one communist city. Zagreb experienced a major demographic jump with the arrival of a large number of rural population after the World War II. Due to the rapid industrial development Zagreb needed a new workforce, but lacked housing space, the city infrastructure was not sufficiently developed to meet the needs of all residents, and cultural and social life of the city had yet to be developed in accordance with Marxist ideology.

Urbanism, Urban policy, Communism, Yugoslavia, Zagreb

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