engleski

Tracing the Ideological Frictions within CIAM as a Case for a Network Analysis

The paper deals with the intergenerational and ideological frictions among the architects and architectural groups within CIAM (Congrès internationaux d’architecture modern) in two distinct historical periods: between the fourth and fifth congress (1933–1937), and between the ninth congress and the last CIAM meeting in Otterlou (1953–1959). From its founding to its dissolution, CIAM’s leadership tended to maintain the organisation’s apolitical position, claiming its “ideological diversity” and, primarily, the technical nature of the architectural discipline. Opposed to the stances of the leadership, groups of mostly young archi- tects in both periods, argued for the social role of architecture rooted in their left ideological positions. The frictions before World War II emerged after the group of leading European CIAM constructivists had left for the USSR, opening up the space for the generation of younger left-oriented architects organised around Croatian architect Ernest Weissmann. In the post-war period, the opposition to the CIAM lead- ership was maintained through the work of an international architectural group, Team X, and especially through the engagement of Dutch architect Jaap Bakema as one of its central figures. By observing the mentioned CIAM congresses as event- based social networks, the paper will detect and trace the evolution of opposed discourses and ideological positions within specific social cliques organised around Weissmann and Bakema. Relying on the knowledge from the field of digital humanities and using the IT tools for visualisation of artists’ and architects’ net- works of the 20th century, developed within the ARTNET project, the paper will provide a series of data visualisations that will enable a detailed analysis of interactions among architectural groups and individuals, as well as a comparative analysis of the networking models rendered through the ideological frictions in two historical periods.

CIAM, architecture, networks, Jacob Bakema, Ernest Weissmann

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