engleski

Simulation of commercial vehicle realistic driving cycle with auxiliary loads powered by PEM Fuel Cell

The commercial vehicles produce the most of exhaust emissions among all on-road vehicles. This high rate of emission is released in highly populated areas where diesel driven internal combustion engines are running in low speed and load modes. Internal combustion engines in this operating range operate at very low efficiencies. A technology that has great potential in reducing the environmental impact of the transport sector is hydrogen fueled polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology. Life cycle analysis of fuel cell vehicles as well as optimum integration strategy of the PEM fuel cell in hybrid system is in focus of today’s researchers. Commercial vehicles are normally equipped with auxiliary power consumers such as refrigeration units which run on electricity. These auxiliaries usually have constant power demand which is delivered by internal combustion engine that results in increment of diesel fuel consumption. In this paper the commercial vehicle powered by a four stroke, four cylinders, five liter displacement diesel engine will be simulated in the realistic driving cycle with and without the auxiliary loads fuel consumption. The fueling system is a direct injection and turbocharging is VTG (Variable Turbine Geometry) controlled. The intention is to reduce fuel consumption by shifting the power production for auxiliary loads from internal combustion engine to PEM fuel cell unit which gives practically zero emissions. Trucks drive mostly in the city traffic and during that time, fuel consumption increases drastically due to running the engine on low speed. Consequence is great increase of pollutant production in the most inhabited areas. The transient simulation is performed with vehicle speed profile similar to city and urban road drive cycle. According to standard and realistic driving cycle the following parameters were applied: the maximum velocity is 70 km/h, the duration is 660 s, the distance is 4, 16 km with averaged speed of 22, 7 km/h. This cycle is important when considering engine idle mode, as the large amount of emissions and fuel consumption occur during idling phases usually when stopping at the traffic light. The result of our research shows that due to implementing auxiliary loads, powered by PEM fuel cell, the fuel consumption decreases by 9% which gives the average fuel consumption reduction of 3 L/100 km when compared with the auxiliary load obtained by internal combustion engine.

Auxiliary load ; Driving cycle ; Fuel consumption

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