hrvatski

Mikrorazmnožavanje buhača (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Vis.)

Buhač ili dalmatinska krizantema autohtona je trajnica koja samoniklo raste u Dalmaciji. Biljka sintetizira insekticid širokog spektra t.z. "piretrin" koji je netoksičan za ljude i toplokrvne životinje i brzo razgradiv te je zbog navedenih karakteristika prihvatljiv za široku upotrebu. Odabrane biljke koje imaju bujan prinos cvjetova i visok sadržaj piretrina mogu se vegetativno razmnožiti na više načina, no mikrorazmnožavanje je najbrža i ekonomski prihvatljiva metoda. Utvrđen je protokol za brzo vegetativno razmnožavanje buhača u uvjetima in vitro. Regeneracija biljaka postignuta je uvođenjem eksplantata vegetativnih vršaka biljaka raslih u prirodnom okolišu otoka Šolte. Od više ispitanih hranidbenih podloga modificirani Woody Plant Medium (WPM) s dodatkom BA i NAA bio je najbolji za rast i razvitak višestrukih izdanaka (stopa umnažanja bila je 5 za 4 tjedna). Zakorijenjivanje pojedinačnih izdanaka postignuto je na podlozi mod. MS s dodatkom IAA. Biljke su preživljavale aklimatizaciju 100%. Sredinom travnja biljke, veličine 12-15 cm, presađene su u polje i tijekom svibnja formirale su cvjetne glavice. Pyrethrum or Dalmatian chrysanthemum is an autochthonous and wild growing perennial plant in Dalmatia. Plant is the source of the broad-spectrum "pyrethrum" insecticide. Its very low toxicity for humans and warm-blooded animals combined with its non-persistence in the environment have made pyrethrum the insecticide of choice in an increasingly ecology-conscions world. A vegetative propagation of selected plants with high flower yield and a high pyrethrins content can be achieved in several ways, but a micropropagation system is the fastest and economically feasible method of propagation. A protocol for rapid in vitro multiplication of pyrethrum has been standardized. Plant regeneration was successfully achieved from the apex explants of vegetative plants grown on the island Šolta. Among the different compositions of media investigated, the mod. Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with BA and NAA was suitable for growth and development of multiple shoots (multiplication rate was 5 every 4 weeks). For rooting, individual shoots were planted on mod. MS medium with IAA, and rooted plantlets were transplanted to fertilized substratum. With 100% survival the plants (12-15 cm high) were outplanted to field in the mid of April. During May plants formed the capitula.

Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Vis.

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