Many diseases are associated with more rapid bone loss and an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism as well as use of thyroid hormones or thyrosuppressant treatment influence bone turnover rates and may alter the risk of future fractures. Markers of bone remodeling are goog indicators to determine bone tumover resulting in net bone loss, while untreated hypothyroidism in adult humans slows down bone tumover resulting in net bone gain. In both cases, damage in bone microarchitecture occurs, leading to an increased relative risk tu fractures. Effective therapise for both states are available, and in ideal case, full recovery of minerallized tissue may occur over time. Controversies are still present in patients receiving suppressive thyroxin treatment for thyroid carcinoma. It seams that suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone with norlam levels of peripheral thyriod hormones may increase the relative fracture risk in postmenopausal but not in premenopausal women. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone and thyroid-simulating hormone action on bone are not completely understood yet.

Kliničke medicinske znanosti