Achievements in various fields of science have resulted in the development of new approaches and techniques in molecular breeding, “omics” technologies and genetic transformation. Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of DNA marker technology, which resulted in their inclusion in breeding programs for analysis, such as choice of carrier genotypes of desirable traits for tolerance to stress and improved quality, early selection, the choice of donor parent in backcrossing.SNP offer enormous potential in the discovery and detection of important genes in crops. Next generation sequencing technologies brought great improvements in throughput and costs. “Omics” technologies include genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, interactomics, phenomics. Targeting induced local lesions in genome TILLING is powerful technology that employs heteroduplex analysis to detect which organisms in population carry single nucleotide mutations in specific genes. The new techniques such as zinc finger nuclease technology, oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis, cisgenesis, RNA dependent DNA methylation, the reverse processing, synthetic genomics are developed.

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