engleski

Structure of Short Dark Triad (SD3): Gender differences and relationship with HEXACO model

Dark Triad construct consists of three socially aversive traits - Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Recently, Jones and Paulhuls developed and validated the Short Dark Triad (SD3), a brief proxy measure of those three traits. In this study we examined the congruency of factor structure on male and female subsamples, as well as the relationship between SD3 scales and HEXACO personality dimensions. Data was collected on general population in Serbia: N = 677 (338 male), age 18 to 73 (M = 30.34, SD = 12.40), and on mostly student population in Croatia: N = 798 (167 male), age 18 to 54 (M = 23.29, SD = 4.95). Factor analyses confirmed three-factor solution of the SD3, with two items from Machiavellianism scale having high saturations on Psychopathy factor. These items refer to manipulation and revenge, which are on Psychopathy items more pronounced and cruel. Tucker’s congruence coefficients indicate that factor structures on male and female subsamples are congruent, and are .98, .98 and .95 for Psychopathy, Machiavellianism and Narcissism, respectively. Although there were no gender differences in factor structure, there were gender differences in results on all three SD3 scales, with males having higher results than females. Therefore, we conducted separate regression analyses for males and females, predicting SD3 dimensions with HEXACO personality traits. Results showed that Machiavellianism was predicted with the same predictors on both subsamples (explaining 24% variance in male and 29% in female subsample), with Honesty-Humility as the most pronounced negative predictor among the HEXACO traits. Significant negative predictors of Psychopathy in both subsamples (explaining 33% variance in male and 29% in female subsample) were Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, Emotionality and Consciousness, while on female subsample Extraversion had a small, but significant contribution. Finally, the most pronounced differences were in predictors of Narcissism (with 40% variance explained in male and 34% in female subsample), which is the “lightest” dark trait among three. While the Extraversion was the most pronounced positive and Honesty-Humility the most pronounced negative predictor on both subsamples, on male subsample significant negative predictor was also Agreeableness, while on female subsample it were Emotionality (negative direction) and Openness to Experience (positive direction). In other words, narcissism in males is related to anger and antagonism, while in females it is also related to some positive characteristics like emotional stability, consciousness and openness. Both the congruence of factor structures and gender differences on our sample reflect theoretically meaningful relations between gender and the dark traits that are discussed in terms of evolutionary psychology.

Dark Triad; SD3; HEXACO; factor congruence

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