engleski

Shaping the City – International Competitions as a Platform for Knowledge Exchange

The relation between center and the periphery through a transfer of the progressive architectural and urban planning concepts adapted to the local circumstances is one of the central issues of the 19th and 20th century Croatian architecture. Direct transmission of international knowledge and practical experience was occurring almost synchronically thanks to architects exclusively educated abroad, particularly in Vienna and Prague. One of the reasons for the later decrease in the flow of new ideas into Zagreb was founding of the Technical School established in 1919. This plurality of connections resulted in the acceptance of contemporary city-planning models decisive for the construction of the city of Zagreb from 1850s to the WW2, the period when it was transformed from the medieval town to the provincial administrative center of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and then in 1920s into a metropolis, a leading economic center of Yugoslavia. Role models were Vienna with its Ring modified in Zagreb into Zelena potkova, a series of representative city squares and parks, while in 1920s a new city district east of Draškovićeva Street was constructed with Haussmann-like boulevards, prospects with focal accents, and taller and larger blocks. Already in 1930s thanks to continuous population influx the city was planned to be extended on the basis of functional city-planning. A city planning department made the master plan in 1932, presented as the CIAM 4 Congress in Athens as a good example of a functional city, by using knowledge acquired from international competition launched in 1930. After a short overview over the city genesis the focus of the presentation will be just on the latter – international competitions used as a platform for exchange of knowledge about contemporary city planning. The competition judged by Josef Gočar and Paul Wolf resulted with 52 entries from Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Rumania, Spain, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia.

Zagreb ; international competition ; master plan ; knowledge exchange

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