engleski

The effect of stimulus onset asynchrony between different response cues on reasoning in a base rate task

Traditionally, Type 1 processes have been described as fast and automatic. On the other hand, Type 2 processing has been described as slower, analytical and cognitively demanding. Recent theories propose the existence of multiple Type 1 processes which cue responses to tasks which are presented to a person. If these responses do not point towards the same answer then that incongruence may be detected. After successful detection, Type 2 processing is initiated to resolve it. This study is concerned with the timeline and relative strength of different Type 1 processes. The goal was to assess the strength of two possible Type 1 responses in a modified base rate task. In the modified base rate task participants (N=62) were shown information about a person chosen at random from a group consisting of two subgroups (e.g. Person A is strong, Person A was chosen from a group of teachers and boxers). After that they were shown the base rate information (e.g. The group consists of 995 teachers and 5 boxers). Finally, participants had to decide which was more probable for the person (e.g. That the person is a teacher or a boxer). The task can cue congruent responses (the attribute and base rate cue the same answer) or incongruent responses (like in the example above). Additionally we varied the SOA (stimulus onset asynchrony) time between the attribute and base rate information. The study was a 2 (congruent/incongruent) × 3 (200, 800, 1400ms SOA) experimental design. The analysis on the total data set showed a significant congruence effect regardless of SOA for both response 69 times (F(1, 61)=54.99, p <.01, ηp2=.47) and confidence ratings (F(1, 61)=64.92, p<.01, ηp2=.52). An additional comparison of stereotypical and base rate responses was conducted for each level of SOA. For response times there was a marginal response type by SOA interaction effect (F(2, 52)=3.10, p=.053, ηp2=.11] which shows response times decreasing for base rate, and increasing for stereotypical responses for longer SOA times. The same effect was not found for confidence ratings but there was a similar trend (an increase of confidence for base rate, and a decrease for stereotypical responses). The results imply the responses cued by the attribute decreased in strength when SOA between the attribute and base rate information was longer. This effect may lead to a conclusion that Type 1 process strength decays over time which impacts response times and confidence ratings.

dual processing, reasoning, meta-reasoning, base rate task, stimulus onset asynchrony

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